Virtual Experiments
Six self-contained, scientifically modelled widgets take you from designing a buffer on paper to making one at the bench and checking its quality. They run entirely in your browser — no install, no internet — so you can experiment freely. Work through them in order, or jump straight to the one you need. Each uses the same chemistry engine as the rest of the site, so the numbers stay consistent.
Buffer Calculator
Compute the exact masses to weigh from the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation — pick a buffer, target pH, concentration and volume and see the full working.
Open calculator → Experiment 2Titration Simulator
Add acid or base drop by drop and watch the pH curve form. Locate the buffering region and the half-equivalence point, where pH = pKa.
Open simulator → Experiment 3Buffer Capacity Explorer
Slide the pKa and concentration to see why buffer capacity (β) peaks exactly at pH = pKa and grows in proportion to total buffer concentration.
Explore capacity → Experiment 4pH-Meter Bench
Calibrate a glass electrode to find its slope and offset, then measure unknowns — and discover what a dirty or warm electrode does to your readings.
Calibrate & measure → Experiment 5 · capstoneBuffer Prep Bench
Make a buffer the right way — weigh, dissolve, adjust pH, bring to volume — then read a QC report that catches the classic preparation mistakes.
Make a buffer → Experiment 6QC Troubleshooting
Given the symptoms and the data, diagnose what went wrong with a buffer and how to fix it — reasoning practice with instant, explained feedback.
Diagnose problems →